New Theology in the Turkish Context
Article Sidebar
-
علم الكلام الجديد, علم الكلام الاجتماعي, مجلة سبيل الرشاد, إسماعيل حقي إزميرلي, الفكر الوافد New theology, Social Theology, Sabil Al-Rashad Magazine, Ismail Hakki Izmirli, Imported Thought
Abstract
This study investigates the development of new theology within the Turkish context, tracing its historical emergence, theoretical framing, and intellectual significance. It highlights the contributions of key Turkish thinkers whose work has remained relatively obscure in Arab scholarly discourse, thereby offering insight into theological innovation in a major Islamic cultural center. Employing both descriptive and analytical methodologies, the research examines the intellectual transformations that prompted the rise of this theological trend, defines its conceptual basis, and explores alternative approaches to doctrinal renewal. The findings reveal that Western philosophical and cultural influences following the European Renaissance spurred this new theological phase, which, rather than abandoning traditional theology, seeks to rejuvenate its role through updated methods and perspectives. Ultimately, new theology is presented not as a separate discipline but as a distinct stage in the evolution of Islamic doctrinal study.
Full text article
References
أوزرفارلي، م. س. (2018). علم الكلام في الأراضي العثمانية. في ز. شميتكه (تحرير)، المرجع في تاريخ علم الكلام (ترجمة أ. شفيع السيد، ص ص 939–971). بيروت: مركز نماء.
الخربوتي، ع. ل. (1330هـ). تنقيح الكلام في عقائد أهل الإسلام. دار سعادت نجم، استقبال مطبعة سي.
الرفاعي، ع. ج. (2024). مقدمة في علم الكلام الجديد. إصدارات مؤسسة هنداوي.
صابان، س. (2010). تطور الأوضاع الثقافية في تركيا في عهد التنظيمات. فرجينيا: المعهد العالمي للفكر الإسلامي.
صبري، م. (1981). موقف العقل والعلم والعالم من رب العالمين وعباده المرسلين (ط. 2). بيروت: دار إحياء التراث العربي.
طوبال أوغلو، ب. (2022). علم الكلام في تاريخ الإسلام والواقع التركي المعاصر. في ي. أقطاي (تحرير)، الإسلام في تركيا بين التراث والحداثة (ص ص 45–59). دار Akyol.
كاظم، م. (1910، فبراير). تصنيف كتب في الكلام ملائمة لحاجة العصر. مجلة المنار، 13(1).
Arabic reference
Al-Ismail, I., & Yildirim, R. (2022). The role of translation in building accurate perceptions between Arabs and Turks. Ilahiyat Akademi Journal, 15, 167–186. Gaziantep University, Turkey. (in Arabic)
Al-Kharbuti, A. L. (1330 AH). Tanqih al-Kalam fi ‘Aqa’id Ahl al-Islam [Refinement of Kalam in the Beliefs of the People of Islam]. Dar Sa‘adat Najm, Istiqbal Matba‘at Si. (in Arabic)
Al-Rifa‘i, A. J. (2024). An introduction to the new Ilm al-Kalam. Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture. (in Arabic)
Baloğlu, A. B. (1996). Debates on the new ‘Ilm al-Kalam in the journal Sebîlürreşâd. In İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (Appendix 2). Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Foundation Publications. (in Turkish)
Çelebi, İ. (2007). On the fundamental problems of Kalam studies in the modern period. In The fundamental issues of religious sciences in the modern period – Academic meeting (pp. 73–104). Istanbul: ISAM. (in Turkish)
Çetin, R. (2013a). Renewal efforts in Kalam from the Tanzimat era to the present I. Religious Studies, 16(42), 9–38. (in Turkish)
Çetin, R. (2013b). Renewal efforts in Kalam from the Tanzimat era to the present II. Religious Studies, 16(43), 87–104. (in Turkish)
Çetin, R. (2018). An evaluation of Hüseyin Kâzım Kadri's discourse opposing the new ‘Ilm al-Kalam. Cumhuriyet Theology Journal, December, 807–831. (in Turkish)
ez-Zâhirî, Ş. M. F. (n.d.). To the Islamic journal Sebîlürreşâd / To İzmirli İsmail Hakkı. Sebîlürreşâd, 21(521–546), 261–262. (in Turkish)
Filibeli, A. H. (2013). The false path of the materialist doctrine in light of reason and science. Konya: Çizgi Publishing. (in Turkish)
Filibeli, A. H. (2015). Is denial of God possible? (N. Taylan, Ed.). Istanbul: Çağrı Publications. (in Turkish)
Filibeli, A. H. (n.d.). The foundation of Islam (pp. 13–32). Istanbul: Büyüyen Ay. (in Turkish)
Gölcük, Ş. (1992). History of Kalam: Figures, views, works. Konya: Esra Publications. (in Turkish)
Gölcük, Ş., & Toprak, S. (1998). Kalam. Konya: Selçuk University Faculty of Theology Publications. (in Turkish)
Harputī, A. (2019). History of Kalam. Ankara: Ankara School Publications. (in Turkish)
İzmirli, İ. H. (1981). The new ‘Ilm al-Kalam (S. Hizmetli, Ed.). Ankara: Umran Publications. (in Turkish)
İzmirli, İ. H. (2014). Muḥaṣṣal: An introduction to the new Kalam science. Istanbul: Ötüken Publications. (in Turkish)
İzmirli, İ. H. (n.d.). Sebîlürreşâd: The new ‘Ilm al-Kalam. Sebîlürreşâd, 21(521–546). (in Turkish)
Kazem, M. (1910, February). Classification of Kalam books suited to the needs of the age. Al-Manar Journal, 13(1), 50–59. (in Arabic)
Kāẓım, M. (2022). Collected religious and social articles (F. Koca, Ed.). Ankara: Ankara School Publications. (in Turkish)
Özdinç, R. (2016). The literature of the new ‘Ilm al-Kalam in late Ottoman thought. Journal of Turkish Studies Literature, 14(27), 233–248. (in Turkish)
Özervarlı, M. S. (1998). Pursuits of innovation in Kalam. Istanbul: ISAM. (in Turkish)
Özervarlı, M. S. (1999). Searches in late Ottoman thought: Mehmet Şerafeddin’s “Sociological Kalam”. Journal of Islamic Studies, 3, 157–170. (in Turkish)
Ozrefarli, M. S. (2018). Kalam science in the Ottoman lands. In S. Schmidtke (Ed.), The handbook of the history of Kalam (A. Shafie Elsayed, Trans., pp. 939–971). Beirut: Nama Center for Research and Studies. (in Arabic)
Saban, S. (2010). The development of cultural conditions in Turkey during the Tanzimat period. Virginia: International Institute of Islamic Thought. (in Arabic)
Sabri, M. (1981). The position of reason, science, and the scholar regarding the Lord of the Worlds and His sent messengers (2nd ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi. (in Arabic)
Sancar, F., & Suluoğlu, M. H. (n.d.). An analysis of the debates opposing the renewal of Kalam. Academic Journal of Religious Sciences, 19(2), 589–614. (in Turkish)
Topaloğlu, B. (1981). Introduction to Kalam science. Istanbul: Damla Publishing. (in Turkish)
Topaloğlu, B. (1995). The existence of God according to Muslim theologians and philosophers. Ankara: Presidency of Religious Affairs Publications. (in Turkish)
Topaloglu, B. (2022). Kalam in Islamic history and contemporary Turkish context. In Y. Aktay (Ed.), Islam in Turkey between tradition and modernity (pp. 45–59). Akyol Publishing. (in Arabic)
Yaltkaya, M. Ş. (2020). My religious articles. Izmir: Presidency of Religious Affairs. (in Turkish)
Authors
Copyright (c) 2025 إبراهيم إسماعيل
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
yright and License
Researchers always have copyright. The research published in the Journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License. This means that every person can download, read and use the research, provided that he/she relates it to its author appropriately, stating any amendments made. This work cannot be used for commercial purposes.